Anxiety in autism

• Jump to:
• Physical symptoms
• Behavioural symptoms
• Triggers

Physical symptoms

Anxiety is a problem when feelings of worry and panic become persistent, overwhelming and beyond a person’s control. Symptoms of anxiety are:

• a racing heart rate
• feeling short of breath
• feeling agitated and distressed
• feeling shaky
• sweating and feeling sick

Behavioural symptoms

Anxiety can lead to behaviours that help a person feel more in control like:

• seeking lots of reassurance
• avoiding situations and objects – like refusing to go to school
• meltdowns, outbursts and tantrums
• overthinking things and ‘getting stuck’
• a strong preference for routine and sameness
• repetitive behaviour like rocking, stimming or flapping
• obsessive routines or play
• running away
• self-harm

Triggers

Each person will have different triggers for their anxiety. Common triggers are:

• uncertainty and change
• sensory triggers, for example noise or smell
• social and communication difficulties
• expectations, pressures and demands
• anticipating specific situations (like school or work)
• specific fears like crowds, dogs or needles

• Jump to:
• Therapy
• Medication
• Support

See your doctor

Autistic people tell us that going to the doctor can be stressful because they feel that health professionals do not understand their needs. But seeing your doctor when you’re experiencing symptoms of anxiety is an important step towards looking after yourself.

Read our advice for seeing your doctor

Talking therapy

Talking to a therapist can help you find ways to cope with difficult situations, identify techniques to help your relax or support you in your relationships. Clinical trials have shown that cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is effective for anxiety disorders in children and young people with autism. Self-help programmes based on CBT can also be effective to help parents and carers or autistic people reduce anxiety.

Find out more about CBT

Medication

Some people take medication to manage their anxiety and your doctor can discuss options with you. Make sure you always tell the doctor or therapist about your autism because it may affect the treatment you are prescribed and how your doctor communicates with you.

Try mindfulness

A technique that can help those with anxiety is ‘mindfulness’. Mindfulness aims to retrain the way you think to help you pay attention to the present moment. It’s about listening to and accepting your thoughts and feelings.

Learn more at www.bemindful.co.uk/

Keep a diary

Research shows that uncertainty can be difficult for autistic people. Some people find that keeping a diary helps them understand their anxiety and manage it better. Writing about situations and how they make them feel helps identify the causes and symptoms of their anxiety. Finding a daily routine can make the world a more predictable place and reduce anxiety.

Support groups

Many autistic people find that sharing their experiences with other autistic people helps them feel less anxious. It might be difficult to tell people how you are feeling, but talking to someone can really help you to feel better. If you can’t talk to a family member or a friend, contact a support group.